Start with a shelf of products and a set of questions shoppers are trying to answer. For each attribute, we compute how much recording it everywhere would improve a shopper's ability to tell those products apart, and subtract what it already contributes today. The difference is the gap, measured in bits.
Bits are the right unit because the question is genuinely about information: how much uncertainty does knowing this field remove? A field recorded on every product with the same value removes none. A field recorded on nothing removes none today but could remove a great deal once populated. That is why absence alone is a poor guide and why a completeness percentage cannot answer this.
The second half is demand. An attribute only matters to the extent that shoppers are trying to decide something it bears on. We score each attribute against the stated requirements for that category, so a field that nobody's decision depends on scores near zero however empty it is.